Cadmium pwoder
Cadmium atomic absorption standard solution
CAS: 7440-43-9
Molecular Formula: Cd
Cadmium pwoder - Names and Identifiers
Cadmium pwoder - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Cd |
| Molar Mass | 112.41 |
| Density | 8.65 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | 320.9 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 765 °C (lit.) |
| Water Solubility | insoluble H2O; reacts with dilute HNO3, slowly with hot HCl [MER06] |
| Solubility | 8.2mg/l insoluble |
| Vapor Presure | 1.3 hPa (394 °C) |
| Appearance | wire |
| Specific Gravity | 8.642 |
| Color | Silvery white |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 0.05 mg/m3 (for dusts and salts)(ACGIH), 0.2 mg/m3 (MSHA), 0.1 mg/m3(OSHA), lowest feasible level in air (NIOSH);ceiling 0.3 mg/m3 (OSHA). |
| Merck | 13,1613 |
| BRN | 8137359 |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, nitrates, nitric acid, selenium, zinc. Flammable. Powdered metal may be pyrophoric. |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character hexagonal silver-white ductile metal. melting point 320.9 ℃ boiling point 765 ℃ relative density 8.642 soluble in hot sulfuric acid, dilute nitric acid, ammonium nitrate solution, soluble in hot hydrochloric acid slowly, insoluble in water. six-square silver-white ductile metal. Soluble in hot sulfuric acid, dilute nitric acid, ammonium nitrate solution, dissolved slowly in hot hydrochloric acid, insoluble in water. |
| Use | Used in the manufacture of cadmium salt, cadmium vapor lamp, smoke bomb, cadmium mercury agent, pigment, alloy, cadmium plating, flux, standard battery, metallurgical oxygen removal agent and atomic reactor |
Cadmium pwoder - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R45 - May cause cancer R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R68 - Possible risk of irreversible effects R63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child R62 - Possible risk of impaired fertility R48/23/25 - R26 - Very Toxic by inhalation R17 - Spontaneously flammable in air R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S43 - In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.) S7/8 - S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| UN IDs | UN 3082 9/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | EU9800000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 8107 20 00 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | A metal that is used for electroplating and in batteries, as a color pigment for paints and as a stabilizer in plastics. The oral LD50 in rats is about 0.88 mg/kg and the LC50 in fathead minnows is about 3.06 mg/L. Cadmium is a nephrotoxicant and hepatotoxicant, probably acting by displacement and substitution of essential metals in proteins and enzymes. In humans acute poisoning can cause nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, headache, muscular aches, salivation, abdominal pain, and shock. In acute poisoning, unabsorbed cadmium is removed by catharsis. |
Cadmium pwoder - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Downstream Products | cadmium ion chromatography std sol. fluka Cadmium chloride Cadmium acetate Cadmium oxide cadmium ion chromatography std sol. fluka Cadmium sulfate Cadmium chloride |
Cadmium pwoder - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
It is silvery white, with light blue luster, soft and malleable. Melting point 321 C, boiling point 765 C; d25 8.65. The powder can be burned or even exploded when exposed to high heat and open flame. Spontaneous combustion occurs in contact with air, especially in powder form. With strong oxidant, azide
The contact of the acid and the tellurium causes a vigorous reaction. Hydrogen gas is generated by contact with an acid. Reactions occur with contact with selenium, sulfur, and zinc. In the air, the surface is rapidly oxidized, and the gloss is lost and the oxide film is coated, thereby preventing the metal from further oxidation. Soluble in nitric acid, dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid is very slow, no reaction with alkali solution, insoluble in water.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Cadmium pwoder - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
high purity cadmium is obtained from industrial cadmium by electroplating purification method or vacuum distillation method or vacuum sublimation method.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:53:37
Cadmium pwoder - Use
Open Data Verified Data
for semiconductors, high-purity alloys, batteries, solders, control rods for nuclear reactors and for the preparation of high-purity reagents and high-purity cadmium salts.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:53:37
Cadmium pwoder - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
IARC was evaluated as a suspected carcinogen. Inhalation of cadmium combustion formed cadmium oxide smoke, can cause acute pulmonary edema and chemical Pneumonia. Individual cases may be associated with liver and kidney damage. Eye irritation. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Packaging
Required to be sealed, not to contact with air. Should be stored separately from oxidants and acids. During handling, the package should be kept intact to prevent leakage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:53:38
Cadmium pwoder - Reference Information
| resistivity | 7.27 ++-cm, 22°C |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 1 (Vol. 58, 100C) 2012 |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | cadmium: Symbol Cd. A soft blue metal belonging to group 12 (formerly IIB) of the periodic table; Position 48. The name of the element is derived from the ancient name calamine zinc carbonate ZnCO3, which is commonly found in relation to zinc ores such as sphalerite (ZnS), but does appear in the form of the mineral opacite (CdS). When reducing emissions of zinc, copper and lead, cadmium is usually produced as a by-product. Cadmium metal insoluble in cold water, hot water, methanol, ether and N-octanol. It is stable and incompatible with strong oxidants, nitrates, nitric acid, selenium and zinc, and metal powders may be combustible and flammable. |
| History of discovery | in 1817, the German, stromell (F. Stromeyer) a new element was found in zinc carbonate at the University of Goettingen, Hermann and Roloff during the same period (J.C.H.Roloff) cadmium was also found in zinc oxide. It is named cadmiu according to Latin cadmia. Greenocmite (CdS) is the only mineral containing cadmium. In the treatment of zinc, copper and lead ores, almost all cadmium is obtained as a by-product. |
| Source | cadmium is considered a rare element, even though it is widely distributed in the Earth's crust. It is estimated that the abundance in the Earth's crust is 1.10-1 mg/kg. It is considered the 65th most abundant element, but it is not a free metal in nature. It is usually found in association with other metal ores. Its abundance is only about 1000 of that of zinc. It is found in an ore called Greenrock, which is cadmium sulfite (CdS). The cadmium content of the ore is not high enough for a profitable extraction. Cadmiumis was found with zinc, lead and copper ores. Today, most cadmium is a by-product obtained through the processing and refining of zinc ores. In addition, dust and fumes from the roasted zinc ore are collected by an electrostatic precipitator and mixed with carbon (coke) and sodium chloride or zinc chloride. The residue was then treated to recover cadmium. Other refining processes can recover up to 40% of cadmium from zinc ores. In many countries, including Australia, Mexico, Peru, Zaire, Canada, South Korea, and Belgium-Luxembourg, as well as in the central and western United States, by-produced cadmium ores of greenocky, as well as zinc and other ores have been found. |
| Application | cadmium can be used for electroplating, nickel-cadmium storage batteries, other metal coatings, bearings and low-melting alloys and control rods in nuclear reactors. Cadmium compounds have a wide range of applications, including dyeing and printing textiles, TV phosphors, pigments and enamels, and in semiconductors and solar cells. A low melting point solder was formed using cadmium alloyed with silver. It is used to connect electrical connectors and other specialized metal components. As it is a toxic substance, precautions need to be taken. Other cadmium alloys are used in the manufacture of wear-resistant bearings and are used as a thin coating of steel to prevent corrosion. Cadmium is a neutron absorber that makes it useful as a control rod in a nuclear reactor. The rod is raised to activate the reactor and then lowered into the reactor to absorb neutrons that prevent the fission reaction. Cadmium, together with nickel, forms a nickel-cadmium alloy, which is used to make "nickel-cell" cells of the same shape as conventional small dry cells. Cadmium is a highly toxic transition metal and carcinogen. It is commonly used in the manufacture of batteries, pigments, and coatings. Cadmium can also be used to develop a cadmium selective sensor for the detection of cadmium in cells with BODIPY fluorescence. |
| preparation | cadmium minerals alone cannot be found in commercially viable deposits. The abundance of cadmium in the Earth's crust is approximately 0.2 parts per million (ppm). Greenocmite (CdS) is the only significant cadmium mineral, not found in any isolated deposit, but almost always associated with sphalerite (ZnS). Cadmium is usually a by-product of the recovery of primary zinc from zinc ores and from certain lead ores or complex copper-lead-zinc ores. However, it is generally believed that cadmium in lead and copper ores is associated with the presence of zinc sulfide and not with other minerals. |
| hazard | cadmium is classified as a human carcinogen due to its toxic effects on the kidneys, bones and respiratory system. It is common in the environment, but the content is not high. And human activities have greatly increased the level of cadmium. Through atmospheric transport, cadmium can be released after the spread of a very long distance. It readily accumulates in many organisms, particularly mollusks and crustaceans. Low concentrations of cadmium are also found in vegetables, cereals and starch-containing rhizome plants. The main routes of human exposure to cadmium are the consumption of contaminated food, active and passive inhalation of tobacco smoke and the inhalation of cadmium-containing dust by workers in the non-ferrous metals industry. |
| toxicity | see cadmium oxide. |
| Use | for the preparation of cadmium salt, cadmium vapor lamp, smoke bomb, cadmium mercury agent, pigment, alloy, electroplating cadmium, is a high-purity material for semiconductor, which is used to prepare high-purity cadmium salt and as a high-purity reagent. used as a reducing agent, also used in the manufacture of cadmium salts and alloys used in the preparation of cadmium salts, cadmium vapor lamps, smoke muzzle, cadmium mercury agent, pigments, alloys, electroplating cadmium, welding powder, aluminum flux, fusible agent, electroplating, nickel-plated oxygen scavenger, cadmium gas lamp, electrode, photovoltaic cell, Solar Ultraviolet Photometry in standard battery, metallurgical oxygen scavenger and atomic reactor. |
| production method | with metal cadmium as raw material, it is refined by vacuum distillation to obtain high purity cadmium product. |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity grade | high toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 225 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 890 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | discharge of toxic cadmium-containing steam at high temperature |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from food raw materials |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, carbon dioxide; 1211; Foam |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 0.05 mg (cadmium)/m3 (its salt) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-threatening and health concentrations | 9 mg Cd/m3 |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:45
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Downstream Products for Cadmium pwoder